Allied Academies

Toxicodynamic

Toxicodynamic

Toxic mechanics, called pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions between toxicants and biological targets and their biological effects.

Biological targets, also known as sites of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors.

Ecotoxicology

Multicellular pharmacodynamics

Pharmacogenetics

Pharmacogenomics

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